Ngā Pūrongo - He Ārai Mate Taiao—Te Tangohanga Rau Ginkgo!

I. Kupu Whakataki

Kupu Whakataki

He aha ngā painga hauora o te paura tangohanga ginkgo biloba (2)

Tangohanga rau GinkgoHe matū hohe tūturu tēnei i tangohia mai i ngā rau ginkgo. Ko ōna wāhanga matua ko ngā flavonoids me ngā ginkgo lactones. He kaitukino motuhake tēnei i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi PAF (platelet-activating factor, platelet-activating factor). Ko ōna mahi rongoā ko: te whakapai ake i te tohanga toto roro me te pākia o te pūtau; te whakanui ake i te mahi a te superoxide dismutase toto whero (SOD) me te glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), me te whakaiti i ngā lipid peroxidized membrane pūtau (MDA). te hanga, te kohikohi i ngā rauropi kore utu, te ārai i te kino o ngā cardiomyocytes me ngā pūtau endothelial vascular; te ārai i te whakakotahitanga o ngā platelet, te micro thrombosis, me ngā mate pākia lipid i puta mai i te platelet PAF; te whakapai ake i te tohanga toto o te ngakau me te tiaki i te myocardium ischemic; te whakanui ake i te whakarerekētanga o ngā pūtau toto whero, te whakaiti i te matotoru o te toto, me te whakakore i ngā mate microcirculatory; te aukati i te hanga o te thromboxane (TXA2) me te whakaoho i te tukunga o te prostaglandin PGI2 mai i ngā pūtau endothelial vascular.

Pūtake Tipu

Ko te Ginkgo biloba te rau o te Ginkgo biloba L., he tipu nō te whānau Ginkgo. He maha ngā mahi hauora a tōna tangohanga (EGB), ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te kai me ngā mea whakapaipai. He tino uaua te hanganga matū o ngā rau Ginkgo, neke atu i te 140 ngā matū kua wehea mai i a ia. Ko ngā flavonoid me ngā terpene lactones ngā matū matua e rua o ngā rau Ginkgo. Hei tāpiri, kei roto hoki i a ia te polyprenol, ngā waikawa waro, ngā polysaccharides, ngā waikawa amino, ngā phenols, me ngā huānga iti. E ai ki ngā tatauranga kāore anō kia oti, ko te tangohanga rau ginkgo paerewa o te ao o nāianei ko te EGb761 i hangaia i runga i te tukanga patent Schwabe o Tiamana. Ka puta mai he paura parauri-kōwhai, ā, he kakara pakupaku o te rau ginkgo. Ko te hanganga matū he 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, iti iho i te 0.0005% waikawa ginkgo, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% waikawa carboxylic, 2.0% catechins, 20% glycosides kore-flavonoid, me te 4.0 pūhui polymer. %, mea kore-waro 5.0%, whakarewa makuku 3.0%, ētahi atu 3.0%.

Ngā Āhuatanga me te Tikanga Ārai Matewai

Ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te whakakore tika i ngā rauropi kore-ngako, ngā rauropi kore-whakaora-ngako, ngā rauropi kore-alkane, me ētahi atu, me te whakamutu i te mekameka tauhohenga rauropi kore-ngako. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki e ia te whakahaere me te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā whākōkī ārai-mate pēnei i te superoxide dismutase me te glutathione peroxidase. Ko te pānga ārai-mate o ngā flavonoids i roto i te EGB he nui ake i ngā huaora, ā, he āhuatanga whakaeke ārai-rauropi i roto i te vitro.

He rerekē ngā pānga ārai mate o ngā tangohanga ginkgo i tangohia mā ngā tikanga rerekē, ā, he rerekē anō hoki ngā pānga ārai mate o ngā tangohanga mata me ngā hua kua oti te whakapai. I kitea e Ma Xihan me ētahi atu ko te tangohanga petroleum ether-ethanol te mea tino kaha te pānga ārai mate ki te hinu rapeseed i whakaritea ki ngā tangohanga rau Ginkgo i whiwhi mā ngā tikanga whakarite rerekē. He paku teitei ake te kaha ārai mate o te tangohanga rau Ginkgo mata i tērā o te tangohanga kua oti te whakapai. Tērā pea nā te mea kei roto i te tangohanga mata ētahi atu kai ārai mate, pērā i ngā waikawa waro, ngā waikawa amino, ngā tannin, ngā alkaloid, me ētahi atu matū he pānga tahi.

Tikanga Whakarite

(1) Tikanga tango whakarewa waro I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te kāinga me tāwāhi ko te tikanga tango whakarewa waro. Nā te mea he paitini, he pūngāwerewere rānei ētahi atu whakarewa waro, ko te etanoru te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tango. I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau a Zhang Yonghong me ētahi atu ko ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu mō te tango i ngā flavonoid mai i ngā rau ginkgo ko te 70% etanoru hei otinga tango, ko te pāmahana tango he 90°C, ko te ōwehenga totoka-wai he 1:20, ko te maha o ngā tangohanga he 3 ngā wā, ā, i ia wā ka whakapūmau mō te 1.5 hāora.

(2) Tikanga tango whākōkī I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau a Wang Hui me ētahi atu i tino piki ake te hua o ngā flavonoid katoa i muri i te tukatuka i ngā rauemi mata o te rau ginkgo ki te cellulase me te tango, ā, ka eke te hua ki te 2.01%.

(3) Tikanga tango ultrasonic Whai muri i te maimoatanga ultrasonic o ngā rau ginkgo, kua pakaru te kiriuhi pūtau, ā, kua tere ake te nekehanga o ngā matūriki rau, e whakatairanga ana i te memeha o ngā matū hohe. Nō reira, he nui ngā painga o te tango ultrasonic o ngā flavonoids. Ko ngā hua whakamātautau i whiwhihia e Liu Jingzhi me ētahi atu e whakaatu ana ko ngā tikanga tukanga o te tango ultrasonic ko: te auau ultrasonic 40kHz, te wā maimoatanga ultrasonic 55min, te pāmahana 35°C, me te tū mō te 3h. I tēnei wā, ko te tere tango he 81.9%.

Tono

He āhuatanga ārai mate ngā flavonoid i roto i ngā rau Ginkgo, ā, ka taea te tāpiri atu ki ngā hinu me ngā keke hei ārai mate. He kōwhai te nuinga o ngā flavonoid katoa, ā, he whānui te wairewa, he wairewa-wai, he wairewa-ngako hoki, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i ngā flavonoid katoa hei tae. pānga kaihoko. Ka tukatukahia te Ginkgo biloba hei paura tino pai, ka tāpirihia ki te kai. Ka kuruhia ngā rau Ginkgo kia tino pai, ka tāpirihia ki ngā keke, pihikete, nūru, monamona, me te aihikirīmi i te tere o te 5% ki te 10% hei tukatuka i a rātou hei kai rau ginkgo me ngā pānga hauora.
E whakamahia ana te tangohanga rau Ginkgo hei tāpiringa kai i Kanata, ā, kua whakaaetia hei rongoā ka taea te hoko kore-tohu i Tiamana me Parani. Kei roto te rau Ginkgo i te United States Pharmacopoeia (putanga 24) ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei tāpiringa kai i te United States.

Ngā Pānga Rongoā

1. Pānga ki te pūnaha manawa
(1) Ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te aukati i te mahi a te whākōkī angiotensin-converting (ACE) i roto i te toto tangata noa, ā, ka aukati i te whakahekenga o ngā uaua toto, te whakawhānui i ngā oko toto, me te whakanui ake i te rere o te toto.
(2) Ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te ārai i te hekenga o te uaua ngākau i roto i ngā kiore tāne i puta mai i te werohanga bupivacaine ā-roto, te aukati i te whakahekenga o te uaua ngākau i roto i te tangata me ngā poaka i puta mai i te hypoxia, me te whakakore i te PAF (platelet-activating factor) e puta ai te arrhythmia i roto i ngā kurī. Ka taea e ia te aukati i te ngoikore o te ngākau i puta mai i ngā mate pāwera ngākau i roto i ngā kiore Guinea motuhake.
(3) Ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te whakawhānui ake i ngā oko toto roro o ngā ngeru me ngā kurī kua whakamoea, te whakanui ake i te rere o te toto roro, me te whakaiti i te ātete o ngā oko toto roro. Ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te ārai i te pikinga o te diameter microvascular mesenteric i puta mai i te endotoxin intravenous. I roto i te tauira endotoxin kuri, ka aukati te tangohanga Ginkgo biloba i ngā huringa hemodynamic; i roto i te tauira pukahukahu hipi, ka aukati te tangohanga Ginkgo biloba i te toto toto tiketike me te edema pulmonary i puta mai i te mate rere lymphatic i puta mai i te endotoxin.
(4) I werohia ngā kiore ki roto i te puku ki te 5ml/kg o ngā flavonoid rau ginkgo i ia rā. I muri i ngā rā 40, i tino heke te nui o te triglyceride i roto i te toto. I tukuna te tangohanga Ginkgo biloba (20 mg/kg ia rā) ki te waha o ngā rāpeti e kai ana i te kai noa me te nui rawa o te cholesterol. I muri i te marama kotahi, i tino heke te nui o te cholesterol hyper-esterified i roto i te plasma me te aorta o ngā rāpeti e kai ana i te kai atherogenic. Heoi, kāore i rerekē ngā taumata cholesterol kore utu.
(5) He tino motuhake te aukati i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi PAF o te ginkgo terpene lactone. Ka taea e te tango rau ginkgo, te ginkgo terpene lactone rānei, te aukati i te platelet-activating factor (PAF) me te cyclooxygenase, te lipoxygenase rānei. I pai te manawanui o te tango rau ginkgo, ā, i ārai i te whakakotahitanga o ngā platelet i puta mai i te PAF, engari kāore i pā ki te whakakotahitanga i puta mai i te ADP.

2. Pānga ki te pūnaha io matua
(1) Ka pā te tangohanga rau Ginkgo ki te pūnaha endocrine me te taunekeneke i waenga i te pūnaha ārai mate me te pūnaha io matua mā te aukati i te mahi a te PAF. Ka taea e ia te whakatairanga i te pākia o te roro me te whakapai ake i te mahi mahara.
(2) He pānga whakapōrearea te Ginkgo terpene lactones, ā, e pā ana ō rātou pānga whakapōrearea ki te pūnaha io matua monoaminergic.
(3) Haunga te mea ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te whakapai ake i te ngoikore o te mahara momo-kore i puta mai i te NaNO2, ko tōna pānga ārai-haohao ka pā pea ki te pikinga o te rere o te toto roro me te whakapainga o te pākia o te kaha o te roro i te wā o te haohaoo.
(4) Ka tino whakapai ake te tangohanga rau Ginkgo i ngā mate whanonga roro o ngā gerbil i puta mai i te herenga me te whakahokinga o ngā uaua carotid e rua, ā, ka ārai i te kino o te roro i roto i ngā gerbil i puta mai i te ischemia me te pupuhi; ka whakarei ake i te mahi a ngā kurī i muri i te ischemia roro maha-arotahi. Ka whakaora wawe i ngā neuron me te whakaiti i te kino o ngā neuron i muri i te ischemia i roto i te hippocampus o te roro gerbil; ka tino whakaiti i te ngaronga o te ATP, AMP, creatine me te creatine phosphate i roto i te roro ischemic o te kurī mongrel. He pai te Ginkgo biloba lactone B i roto i te maimoatanga haumanu o te whiu.

3. Pānga ki te pūnaha nakunaku
(1) Ka taea e te tangohanga rau Ginkgo te whakapai ake i ngā mate puku me ngā mate puku i roto i ngā kiore i puta mai i te PAF me te endotoxin, ā, ka taea hoki te aukati i te kino o te puku i puta mai i te etanoru.
(2) I roto i ngā kiore he mate ate cirrhosis i puta mai i te herenga o te awa wai, ko te werohanga ā-roto o te tangohanga rau ginkgo i tino whakaiti i te pēhanga uaua ate, te tohu ngākau, te rere toto o ngā peka uaua, me te whakapai ake i te manawanui o ngā oko toto ki te whakataurite ki te placebo. E whakaatu ana tēnei he pānga rongoā pea tō te tangohanga rau ginkgo ki te cirrhosis ate. Ka taea e ia te aukati i te hanganga o ngā rauropi kore-hāora i roto i te pancreatitis whakapeka kiore i puta mai i te cholecystokinin. Tērā pea he wāhi nui tō te Ginkgo terpene lactone B ki te rongoā i te pancreatitis whakapeka.

4. Pānga ki te pūnaha manawa
(1) He pānga whakangāwari tika te tangohanga etanoru o te Ginkgo biloba ki te uaua maeneene o te trachea, ā, ka taea te whakaora i ngā pānga spasmodic o te histamine phosphate me te acetylcholine ki te trachea motuhake o ngā poaka Guinea, me te ārai i ngā whakaekenga huango i puta mai i te histamine i roto i ngā poaka Guinea.
(2) Mā te werohanga o te tangohanga rau Ginkgo ki roto i te uaua ka taea te aukati i te whakawhāititanga o te pūkahukahu me te tere o te urupare a ngā kiore i puta mai i te PAF me te ovalbumin, ā, ka ārai hoki i te whakawhāititanga o te pūkahukahu i puta mai i ngā antigens, engari kāore e pā ki te tere o te urupare a te pūkahukahu i puta mai i te indomethacin.
(3) Ko te manawa i te tangohanga rau Ginkgo hauhautanga ehara i te mea ka aukati noa i te whakawhāititanga o te pūkahukahu engari ka aukati hoki i te whakahekenga o ngā toto toto mā me ngā eosinophil i puta mai i te PAF. He mea nui te tangohanga rau Ginkgo ki te aukati me te rongoā i te tere o te urupare o te pūkahukahu.

5. Pānga ārai-pakeketanga
Ko ngā Ginkgobiflavonoids, ngā isoginkgobiflavonoids, ngā ginkgo biloba, me te quercetin i roto i ngā rau ginkgo ka ārai i te peroxidation lipid, inā koa he kaha ake te mahi aukati a te quercetin. I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau ki ngā kiore, ā, i kitea ko ngā flavonoids katoa o te rau ginkgo i tangohia i te wai (0.95mg/ml) ka taea te whakaiti i te peroxidation lipid, ā, ko ngā flavonoids katoa o te rau ginkgo i tangohia i te waikawa (1.9mg/ml) ka taea te whakanui ake i te mahi SOD o te parahi me te konutea toto me te whakaiti i te pānga o te matotoru o te toto me te whakaiti i te mahi SGPT.

7. Te tūranga i roto i te whakakorenga o te whakawhitinga me ētahi atu tauhohenga ārai mate
Ka taea e te tangohanga rau ginkgo te whakaroa i te oranga o ngā tānga kiri, ngā tānga ngākau heterotopic, me ngā tānga ate orthotopic. Ka taea e te tangohanga rau ginkgo te aukati i te mahi a ngā pūtau whakamate tūturu o te tinana ki ngā pūtau ūnga KC526, ā, ka taea hoki te aukati i te mahi a ngā pūtau whakamate tūturu i puta mai i te interferon.

8. Pānga ārai-pukupuku
Ka taea e te tango mata o ngā rau matomato o Ginkgo biloba, te wāhanga wairewa-ngako, te aukati i te huaketo Epstein-Barr. He kaha te mahi aukati a te waikawa salicylic Heptadecene me te bilo-betin; ka taea e ngā flavonoid katoa o Ginkgo te whakanui ake i te taumaha thymus o ngā kiore he pukupuku. me ngā taumata mahi SOD, ka whakaoho i te kaha ā-tinana ki te ārai-pukupuku; ka taea e te quercetin me te myricetin te aukati i te putanga mai o ngā carcinogens.

Ngā Tuhipoka me ngā Ārai

Ngā pānga kino o te tangohanga rau Ginkgo: I ētahi wā ka pāngia koe e te mamae o te puku, pērā i te kore kai, te whakapairuaki, te mate puku, te tūtae, te puku pupuhi, me ētahi atu; tera pea ka piki ake te tere o te manawa, te ngenge, me ētahi atu, engari kāore ēnei e pā ki te maimoatanga. I muri i te horomia mō te wā roa, me arotake tonu ngā tohu e tika ana mō te toto. Mena kei a koe ngā tohu puku, ka taea e koe te tango i muri i te kai.

Ngā Taunekeneke o ngā Rongoā

He pānga tahi tō tēnei hua ina whakamahia ngātahitia me ētahi atu rongoā whakaheke toto matotoru, pērā i te konutai alginate diester, te acetate, me ētahi atu, ka taea ai te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga.

Te Auahatanga Whakawhanake

He iti noa ngā proanthocyanidins me ngā waikawa urushiolic kei roto i ngā rau Ginkgo, ā, he paitini tonu ēnei ki te tinana tangata. Ina whakamahia ngā rau ginkgo hei rauemi mata mō te tukatuka kai, me whai maimoatanga motuhake hei whakaiti i te nui o ngā proanthocyanidins me ngā waikawa urushiolic. Heoi, i roto i te awhe horopeta e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā, kāore he paitini whakapeka, he paitini roa rānei, ā, kāore hoki he pānga teratogenic. I whakaaetia e te Manatū Hauora te tangohanga Ginkgo biloba hei tāpiringa kai hou i te tau 1992. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā flavonoids katoa o te Ginkgo biloba i roto i te umanga kai, ā, he whānui ngā tirohanga ki te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga o te Ginkgo biloba.